The Effects of Computers on Our Everyday Lives

Computers have changed the lives of people’s in many ways. Now sitting in front of the computer, peoples can easily get access to the Internet by a simple click of mouse. Over the entire world 80 percent of people use the Internet every day. On computer people can simply do anything such as, a slide show presentation, a good communication, creating your own assignment, music, or art etc. They can also get a useful information and media on the Internet. For these reason people deeply use computers at places such as schools, hospitals, offices, and at home etc.There are the lots of positive and negative effects of computers. Some of the positive effects are faster communication, an organization of data and information, computerization of tasks, and easier access to the information. Some of the negative effects of computers are human’s break their social interact with friends and families, cause back problem, depression, and poor health. One of the best effects of computer is helping students and workers to complete and ensure of their works. For example, most of the students can easily access to a wealth of information, study online, and translate words or texts on computers.Students can also easily find information for assignment with in a minute by the helping of wireless technology. There are many of social networking site of learning math’s, reading, history and science, and online learning language. And there are also some negative points of computers on learning. For instance, teachers give assignments to students for their knowledge but some students didn’t do by themselves they just research on net and do copy paste from the site and then they submit their assignment to the teacher this is not good for them.They should also use their brain. Moreover, computers give many opportunities to meet new people. There are many social networking sites in which people can interact with others as such Facebook, Skype, and my space etc. Whe n people use these sites they reconnect with old friends and classmates. They can share their pictures and songs with their friends. Wireless technology helps people to talk with friends anywhere easily. These are the positives effects of computers.Now negatives effects of computers are its can also damage people relationship with parents and friends by using too much computer, some people misuse pictures, videos of others on social networking sites, and some sites are not good for some kids. In case, a person who spends more time on a computer can also cause back problem, may complain about headaches, and pains in their wrists, arms and necks. These pains are often the result of a fixed position when people using the computer keyboard for a long amount of time. It’s better to take breaks when typing on the computer.Eye and other problems are the most common health complaints of computer users. This kind of health issue comes as no surprise to anyone a person who has worked f or long time periods in front of a computer. Of course, there are so many cause and effects of computer. A person who use computer daily for long time period, make sure you sit with your back straight and lower back should touch the back rest the whole time as well as your legs should bend to the knee. You can also support your back by pillow if needed. Keep your feet on the floor all the time or use something like box if your feet don’t reach at the floor.

Cantaberry Tales Compare To Inferno Essay

Canterbury Tales Compared to Dante’s Inferno This study will explore the themes of innocence and guilt in the â€Å"Hell† section from Dante’s Divine Comedy and Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales. The study will focus on the uses each author makes of urban and more natural settings to convey messages about innocence and guilt. While both Dante and Chaucer make use of this motif in making their thematic points, a great difference exists between them. Chaucer’s primary purpose is to present a humorous and compassionate portrayal of human existence including innocence and guilt, or goodness and evil while Dante’s essential purpose is moral and instructional. Chaucer uses urban and country references in his portrayal of the human condition as a means of drawing a contrast between the goodness and evil of humankind. Again, we must keep in mind that Chaucer uses setting to reveal truths about humanity from an empathic perspective. He does not want to judge, but to entertain and perhaps inspire compassion for self and others as flawed beings. Therefore, when he uses natural or urban settings, he is not saying that human beings are good when they are in Canterbury, and evil when they are out in the countryside. At the same time, that is precisely the apparent truth of the matter. As Chaucer paints the picture of human desire and passion, there is an intimate connection between that passion (which can lead to a loss of innocence) and a natural setting: When April with his showers sweet with fruit The drought of March has pierced unto the root And bathed each vein with liquor that has power To generate therein and sire the flower; When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath, Quickened again, in every holt and heath, The tender shoots and buds . . . And many little birds make melody . . . (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)— Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage . . . To Canterbury, full of devout homage (Chaucer 159). The clear suggestion by Chaucer here is that there is something very sweet but potentially very corrupting about nature, while the urban center of  Canterbury offers relief from the guilt and sinfulness which nature engenders in the weakness of human flesh. At the same time, Chaucer knows that the apparent differences in the behavior of human beings in the city, or in a sacred environment, and in the natural setting where passions are free to work their wiles, as they will, are indeed only apparent differences. The nature of humanity, as perceived and portrayed by Chaucer, is a thoroughly corrupted one. However, unlike Dante, Chaucer does not have much to say in judgment of humanity for that corruption. Chaucer accepts the sinfulness, selfishness and loss of innocence of humanity as an integral part of the history and development of the race. In other words, people may agree to behave righteously when they are in the holy city, but once they are free again to behave as they will, t hey will quickly be consumed by their personal passions. Nature is also shown in Dante to be full of powerful and dark forces, which can tempt a human being off the path of righteousness. Dante writes that Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself in a dark wood, where the right way was lost. Ah! How hard a thing it is to tell what this wild and rough and difficult wood was, which in thought renews my fear! So bitter is it that death is little more (Dante 1). The â€Å"city† or the path of the true way is symbolized by the high hill, in contrast to the dark wood of the life of the passions and senses: â€Å"But after I had reached the foot of a hill, where that valley ended which had pierced my heart with fear, I looked upward, and saw its shoulders clothed already with the rays of the [sun], which leads man aright along every path† (Dante 1). Here we see the light of goodness contrasted with the darkness of sin or temptation away from the state of innocence. It is no coincidence that the phrases â€Å"city of lights† or â€Å"city upon a hill† are meant to stand in contrast to the â€Å"darkness† of the natural environment, a darkness which can bewilder human beings and lead them to take part in behavior which Dante clearly believes is both self-destructive and destructive to others. Dante’s depiction of Hell is not meant to entertain but to change the behavior of  his readers so that they will choose behavior which will lead them to the â€Å"city† of Heaven, rather than behavior which will lead to the dark wood and, eventually, damnation: A place is there below, stretching as far from Beelzebub as his tomb extends. . . . My Leader and I entered by that hidden road, to return into the bright world; and . . . we mounted up . . . so far that a round opening I saw some of the beautiful t hings which Heaven bears, and thence we issued for again to see the stars (Dante 52). In Dante, we read of the â€Å"wicked city† which represents hell (22), but it would be fair to say that human beings in Dante’s conception are subject to temptation, sin, guilt and the loss of innocence wherever they are on earth—in the city or in the country. Heaven is the only locale which offers human beings respite from such corruption. In Chaucer, we find little of the kind of solemn judgment offered by Dante at every turn. For example, Chaucer writes of a friar—a religious man—who was â€Å"a wanton and a merry, A limiter, a very festive man† (Chaucer 162). His ribaldry is not affected by whether he is in a town or in the countryside—he is always willing to have a good time: â€Å"In towns he knew the taverns, every one,/ And every good host and each barmaid too† (Chaucer 163). Despite the fact that Canterbury is seen as the goal of the pilgrimage and can therefore be said to be a city symbolizing goodness and innocence, or restoration of innocence through religious activity, this in no way suggests that Chaucer sees the city as the repository of goodness and nature as the repository of evil. Instead, Chaucer sees human nature as the abiding force at work in shaping the behavior of human beings. A human being can be good or evil in the city, just as he can be good or evil in a natural environment. The Clerk, for example, is shown to be a miserable creature, although he is full of the education and philosophy and sophistication, which the city of Oxford offers (Chaucer 164). Again, the basic difference between Dante and Chaucer cannot be deciphered merely by focusing on the uses of urban and country settings in their works.  The differences in the authors’ uses of settings do not shed essential light on the two texts without our awareness first that Dante means to judge and warn and Chaucer means to celebrate and understand. To Dante, all settings—urban or country—stand full of temptations which can deliver human beings into the pits of Hell. The fact that Hell is portrayed in urban terms merely means that there is much organization in Hell, rather than perhaps the chaos we might presume. Dante by use of the city as the setting for Hell means also to place it in stark contrast to the glorious city of Heaven. Dante wants to show that Hell is an essential part of the intricately organized and ordered machinery of the universe, and his use of the urban environment gives this sense of order and organization far more readily that would a natural setting. We must keep in mind the purpose behind this manipulation of setting—Dante wants to affect the behavior of his readers and he means to do so by warning them that a very carefully designed Hell—as carefully designed as a city—awaits them if they stray from the path of goodness. Chaucer, on the other hand, aims to portray humanity in all its passion and waywardness, with a sense of acceptance and celebration rather than condemnation or warning. Chaucer gives the reader the clear sense that—whether in the country or in the city, whether in the midst of sin or the middle of innocence—the author is one with the reader. It does not matter whether the action is taking place in the city or the country in Chaucer’s tales—there is a sense of empathy bonding the author, the characters and the reader. Even when Chaucer enters into a lengthy treatise on the different sins and their remedies, the reader has the feeling that he is not the kind of strict judge of humanity which Dante is or would like to be. The uses of setting in the two works is not particularly crucial to an understanding of the books overall, but such a focus can help us understand certain elements of the works, such as the organization of the city which  allows Dante to show that hell is an integral part of the universe created by God and not merely an imaginary place of punishment. In addition, such a perspective is useful in showing the apparent contrast in Chaucer between the city of Canterbury and its promise of absolution from sin, and the natural environment which leads to the free expression of the passions of human beings which in turn lead to the commission of those very sins. The city or country cannot be seen as symbolic of guilt or innocence in Chaucer, simply because Chaucer believes human nature to be susceptible to corruption in any environment. At the same time, whereas Dante judges humanity for its corruption, Chaucer tends to forgive and seeks ways to ease the suffering of guilt and sin. Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. Troilus and Cressida and The Canterbury Tales. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1987. Dante. Divine Comedy. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1987.

Exploring puzzle plots, their representation of events and complex Dissertation

Exploring puzzle plots, their representation of events and complex characters and the roles of each player the invisible story t - Dissertation Example These elements and entities could commonly be said to include storyline, characters, plot, audience, setting, and acting – and these could be said to compose of the soft side of filmmaking. At the hard side, elements and factors such as shooting, sound, lighting, editing, cinematography, effects and publicity also go on to get the film done. A combination of both the soft and hard sides of the film making process contribute to the determination of the success or otherwise of a film. As far as the present study is concerned, much attention shall go into the soft side of film making, which comprises of elements such as storyline, plot, setting, audience, narrative, and characters. These aspects are selected because of the singular influence that they have in determining what an end user looks out for in a good or bad movie (Krzysztof, 2001). Interestingly, how well a film producer is able to put together all these forms and motifs of films together goes a long way to determine w hat would later come to be known as the success or failure of the movie. In most cases, when film reviewers are movies, they do so based on most of these factors and so they will remain the focus of the dissertation. Having said this, it is important to point out that the end user of films is of prime importance in this study. This is because most of the efforts of the film maker are directed at giving the end user, who is the viewer, some level of satisfaction. Not long time ago, most filmmakers are said to have viewed the end user as someone who would want to perceive movies as a passive act and so did not expect the viewer to be so much involved in decoding the movie. Imperatively, film makers presented viewers with straight forward movies that were so easy to understand and comprehend from their beginning to their end. From the 1990s, there seemed to be a paradigm shift where most filmmakers started seeing the act of viewing movies as an active practice and so the need to make t he viewer play some kind of role in understanding what the whole movie was about. This is what in the opinion of many brought about the birth of quite unusual line of movies including what has come to be known as puzzle films. Generally, a puzzle film is one that gives the viewer a line of responsibility in puzzling out the plot of the movie, the solutions involved, as well as the general turn of events in the movie (Bordwell, 2002). Research Problem Several movie experts, students and teachers what has become a new trend in the presentation of the plots of movies whereby the viewer is given so many roles to play in the form of solving a puzzle of what the plot is about and how the general development of the movie unfolds. From this perspective, there are two major schools of thought that can be identified. First, there are those who hold the opinion that the fact that movie is an art should end with the movie maker and not the end user. Ultimately, these people believe that movies should be presented to the viewer as a finished product so that comprehension of the movie, its development and its value can come forth easily and without any mental stress (Borges,2002). These group of debaters therefore align themselves to the traditional way of constructing movie plots whereby the viewer visualizes the movie as a continuous linear process, just a it happens in out everyday type of narration of stories. But as much as the

Market Entry Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Entry Strategies - Essay Example The process of choosing the particular place to enter with a new venture is important since it determines the level of success of the firm. The factors that should be considered when setting the destination for the new venture include internal factors, external factors, desired mode characteristics, and transaction specific behaviors. Consider the location of any direct investment and then consider the culture of the country in terms of religion, Other factors that need to be considered includes institutional weaknesses and government policies of the country in which the new market is situated. Choosing the appropriate space involves market scanning and is based on secondary data and it should give the advantages and the disadvantages of investing in a particular market. Market research is the most complex part of determination of where to invest and it requires more resources to manage. Market research is mainly based on primary research and this is the reason why it requires more r esources to manage. Among the factors that are studied during market research are the geographic distance, cultural proximity, maturity of the distribution system and the economic and political stability in the region (Su, 2013). Timing of entrance According to Veronika (2007), timing of entrance is also an important for the organization just like the positioning of the market system. Both the latecomer and first mover have got advantages and disadvantages that they enjoy in market acquisition and establishment in the market (Limbersky, 2008). The first mover takes the advantages that include technological leadership and pre-emption of scarce resources in the market. The first movers also enjoy the advantages that come with of strong brands and the establishment of entries of barriers in the market. According to Michael and Hans (2012), the late movers also enjoy some advantages in the market that first mover cannot easily enjoy and they include opportunities to ride on first mover investment in the market. Janet and Gao (2012) also

Branding & Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Branding & Communication - Assignment Example There are multiple stakeholders affected by corporate branding such as investors or employees. Impacts created by corporate branding can be determined in terms of evaluation of services or products, corporate culture and identity, brand extensions, employment applications, sponsorship, etc. Brand refers to design, name or term that can differentiate one product from another. Branding concepts are widely used in advertising campaigns, business and marketing activities. This study would comprise of implications of corporate branding. These implications shall be determined in context of both consumers and companies. Corporate branding examples will be included in this study in order to analyze consequences of corporate branding strategy. This approach facilitates economies of scope and initiates rapid new product acceptance. The reason being potential buyers are more familiar with brand name. There are negative implications of corporate branding. It reduces scope for positioning of a pa rticular brand. Different products encompass unique characteristics and this in turn requires distinguished branding activities. Multiple touchpoints can be effectively incorporated by branding. Corporate branding is not confined to any specific name or mark. The touch points emphasized on by branding approach are customer service, training and employee treatment, logo, product or service quality, advertising campaign, stationary and packaging. Brand is usually considered to be an intangible asset of a company. It is most valuable asset of any organization since it enables customers to strongly associate with any corporate brand. Brands are efficiently managed by owners so as to provide value to shareholders. This study will also comprise of differences between product and corporate brand, along with their symbolic and functional attributes. Effective corporate branding strategies not only initiate high sales margins but even guarantee long term customer relationship with

Critical legal issues in criminal justice Research Paper

Critical legal issues in criminal justice - Research Paper Example Legal regime permits individuals’ right to self-defense and justifies the employment of force in times of danger so that people may defend themselves from external harm and secure their lives and properties. Dictionaries define physical self-defense as the employment of physical force to counteract an immediate attack. Physical self-defense may be armed-defense or unarmed-defense. Individuals can use a wide variety of weapons as part of armed self-defense adhering to the policies of the concerned jurisdicti Unarmed self-defense involves different styles of martial arts. In many jurisdictions, law permits people the right of self-defensive killing. However, the law states that the employment of physical force in self-defense must be proportional to the fatality of the violence. In order to avoid the misuse of the self-defensive killing, the law ensures aggressors do not claim the right of self-defense. It is on the assumption that aggressors are responsible to the attack or fat al situation, and hence they do not have the right to claim self-defense. In addition, law considers the reasonableness of belief while evaluating the self-defense claim of a defendant. Explicitly, the use of physical force must be reasonable to justify the self-defense claim. What constitutes reasonable employment of force is usually uncertain, and hence the jury has the potential to determine whether or not the defendant’s act (use of force) was reasonable.... Wallie Howard, a federal agent working for the Federal Drug Enforcement Administration and the confidential informant Luther Gregory planned to arrest this drug racket through a buy-bust scheduled on 30th October 1990. However, their plans flawed as Davidson and his team had attempted to rob Gregory using firearms. During the process of assault, the gang broke Gregory’s wrist. In order to counter attack them Howard took his gun and shot off. At this time, Lawrence (one of the gang members) fired at agent Howard and killed him. As cited by the United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit (1994), all the defendants were found guilty of charges alleged including narcotic conspiracy, murder, robbery, and international killing of a federal agent, and consequently all of them were sentenced to life imprisonment. During the course of trial, Lawrence argued that agent Howard would have killed him unless he had not shot him down. However, the court observed that the defendantsâ€℠¢ need to defend themselves emerged out of their own aggression. The court held that the person who commits robbery using deadly weapons and gets murdered by the targeted victim on the victim’s counter-attacks to defend may not obtain the benefit of self-defense. Based on this observation, the court clearly stated that â€Å"it has long been accepted that one cannot support a claim of self-defense by a self-generated necessity to kill† (United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit,1994). This paper will critically evaluate the above court judgment and discuss why â€Å"one cannot support a claim of self-defense by a self-generated necessity to kill.† Reasonableness of Belief Reasonableness of belief is an important factor in determining the necessity of

Analyzing and Reporting Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing and Reporting Results - Essay Example The objective was to produce a forceful story which would bring in or introduce the latest product, THE 2014 CLA coupe. The objective was to not only get in the public talking but also to start getting the public to pay attention and get engaged (Daimler, 2013). The CLA will be having a class that would not be comparable with others. As the car is another version of the CLS, therefore this one would also appeal and attract to the target customer groups that have a unique approach or non-conformist approach. The advertising campaign therefore places the car as an extraordinary vehicle as mentioned by Mr. Anders-Sundt Jensen. Mr. Anders-Sundt Jensen is the Head of Brand Communications at Mercedes-Benz Cars (Daimler, 2013). This tool is used by the Mercedes Benz Company to evaluate the effectiveness of the advertising campaign in terms of how much target market respond to the advertisement campaign, and how they perceive the brand, do they perceive the brand according to the company’s perception. And the brand is presenting some uniqueness or not.   According to Ace Metrics, an self-governing analytics corporation which measures the effectiveness of advertising campaign, â€Å"Soul† scored the uppermost of any automotive commercial and joined for the 4th highest score on the whole for all advertisements on the Super Bowl,† stated the Mercedes-Benz press release. As mentioned, there are number of statistical analysis methods that can be used. However BevCo should use moving average as the statistical tools. In the beverage industry, the sales are seasonal and therefore exponential smoothing moving average should be used in order to reduce the impact of seasonal variation and other irregularities (Hyndman, Koehler, Ord, and Snyder, 2008). Daimler. (2013). Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class establishes new segment: Sleek as they come. Retrieved May 31, 2013 from

Best Buy Retailing Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Best Buy Retailing Analysis - Term Paper Example Based on this idea, Best Buy was able to come up with a customer centricity program that aims to develop more emphasis on excellent customer service. The customer centricity program has to function in a way that stores, buyers and segment organizations have to work out together for the success of the implementation process of the said program. Best Buy is a profit organization and in as much as possible it has to operate with substantial profit in the end. This is the reason why Best Buy had to find for more profitable customers and product segments. Best Buy focused on these areas that is why it was able to come up with five major profitable customer segments. Understanding customers’ needs was the first step that Best Buy performed under its customer centricity program. The next step performed was to identify profitable segments both for customers and products. This is a matter of finding focus and eventually Best Buy is good at this that resulted to finding the right vision that has to be imparted to the team. This is the reason why Best Buy was able to come up with strategic support for team so as to fully execute the vision. Customer associates for instance had to be empowered in order to effectively satisfy the customers in line with the customer centricity program. They have to necessarily apply scientific approach in dealing with and attending to the needs of customers. In this case, the value proposition was clearly defined and fully executed through store managers and all of the sales associates with clear picture of the vision. This is what exactly Best Buy had undertaken and eventually the idea of Brad Anderson to go for customer centricity was indeed imperative for its success. However, the success was not achieved right away; Best Buy had to go for market trials in order to put the entire idea of customer centricity to the test. Eventually, the company was able to come up with a marketing oriented approach in dealing with the issue of impro ving customer service and satisfaction. Customer centricity’s lackluster performance The customer centricity program is a matter of aggressive implementation. The model by itself sounds good for both the customers and Best Buy. However, there is going to be a problem when it comes to implementation or execution especially that the said program requires the stores, buyers and segment organizations to work in unison accordingly and harmoniously. There was a needed adjustment particularly among segment leaders due to aggressive rollout of 144 new centricity stores. Best Buy has to maintain its competitive advantage and the existence of new centricity stores threatened this potential market power. Thus, Best Buy had to initiate necessary adjustments. Within these adjustments, Best Buy needs to necessarily align the potential contributions of stores, customers and segment organizations for effective system transformation. The Best Buy’s missed out third quarter earnings per share on December 13, 2005 was due to the impact of necessary adjustments it needed to implement in order to perform better than its competitors that were applying the same customer centricity program (Lal, Knoop and Tarsis 154). Thus, the problem is not exactly about the centricity model or even the lag between implementation and results because customer centric

An account discussing the fit between published theory in regard to Essay

An account discussing the fit between published theory in regard to project management and personal practice as a result of my participation in the Foods Organic project - Essay Example nting a change in the structure, style or staffing of an organization, developing a new system of information or implementation of a new business process (Anthony and Govindarajan, 2007). Owing to the fact that projects appear in numerous forms, significance of managing these projects effectively has increased to a great extent. Project management can be defined as application of skills, knowledge, tools and techniques so as to comply with the requirements of the project. In general, there are five major phases of project management, which are initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closure (Andon, Baxter and Chua, 2007). In this report, a discussion will be carried out about ways in which theories of project management fit into real life practices. In order to do so, I will reflect upon my experience in the foods organic project, which I have completed in the recent past. The project was about developing a new store that will be located at the heart of Uxbridge. The aim of that project was to establish a store that reflects ‘organic’ and ‘healthy living’ culture. In this section of the study, I will reflect upon experiences that I have gathered while conducting the aforementioned project and will try to draw comparison with the theories of project management. However, before proceeding further into the analysis, I would like to elaborate about my position and the activities carried out by me during the program. I was the project manager as well as the team leader. I was responsible for accomplishing various tasks as well as for overseeing tasks carried out by the subordinates. Hence, the pressure on me was immense. Majority of the tasks of this project were performed by me as it was mandatory on my part. Scholars such as, Armstrong (2002), enumerate that a project manager is responsible for carrying out most of the planning and monitoring activities; but at times, he is also required to perform the operational activities. Contradicting this

Existentialism and Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Existentialism and Human Nature Essay Absolute individuality and absolute freedom: the basis of all existentialist arguments. The existentialists conceptions arise from their held views that since we are all ultimately alone, we have absolute freedom over our nature. Existentialists emphasize the free and conscious self which opponents constantly attack, exclaiming that there is a higher power enabling our consciousness. But are humans so simple? Can things be explained solely on blaming ourselves or another being for our nature? The existentialist generally believes in a sole existence; meaning that we are alone in the world, and that we have no one but ourselves. They also believe in the human beings capacity to feel more than one kind of pain, and that there are three different levels to our pain, physical, psychological, and emotional. All of these types of pain can cause us to become irrational and anxious. But are we really anxious because of this pain, or is it because we ultimately feel alone? And if we are all individuals, can we really feel the same kind of pain as someone else? Existence precedes essence is also dominant in the mind and thoughts of the existentialist. That is, the idea that we are born into this world without a predetermined nature, and only later in life do we shape out nature through actions and choices. This opposes the traditional view that is that essence precedes existence, according to which we are seen as having a purpose, and values, all of which is determined before birth. (I personally think that the idea of essence preceding existence is rather obscure. There is no way that our values and purpose can be determined by genetic code. DNA is what we are, not who we are. ) Existentialists pose another question to the opposition: how can we be happy in a world devoid of significance and meaning? The loss of external values allows us to derive value from within ourselves. This value is greater than any imposed by outside forces, and thus cannot be taken away from said sources. Although many human beings live a life devoid of true happiness, it does not mean that we are incapable of attaining such a goal. If a person finds the meaning for their life, whether it be one meaning, or many, there is a large chance that they can achieve such a utopia without recognizing outside influences. People of different viewpoints follow different methods, as well as believe in different forces that shape our nature. It is in my opinion, as well as that of the existentialist, that we shape our own nature through decisions and actions made by our own free will; that we are ultimately free to act independently from the influences of outside forces. That we can ultimately ignore the views imposed on us, and achieve a sustainable level of happiness in the process. Human nature is a frail thing; people are just looking for someone else to blame for their actions and for who they are, even when there isnt any. Therefore, there is no one to blame for who we are, but ourselves.

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing Essay

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing Essay The intention of this written essay is to demonstrate an understanding of my views on the art and science of reflection and the issues surrounding reflective practice. It is based on a significant incident from my own area of clinical practice as a state registered paramedic employed by a large provincial Ambulance Service N.H.S. Trust within the U.K. There is a discussion appraising the concept of reflection both generally, and in my particular area of practice. This is followed by an analysis of the incident using The What ? Model of Structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000). A rationale is given for the selection of this particular incident and also for the selection of the chosen model as a framework. It will show how the model has been used to reflect on the incident, what has been learnt, and the outcome on both current and future practice. Reflection is an active process of witnessing ones own experience so that we can take a closer look at it. It has its foundations in the discipline of experiential learning. Dewey (1939 cited in Rolfe, Freshwater, Jasper 2001) claimed that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did. Reflective practice is something more than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice which seeks to problematise many situations of professional performance so that they can become potential learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through their practice Jarvis P. (1992) pp174 -181. Johns, C (2000a) pg 34, describes reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his own lived experience in ways that enable him to confront, understand and work towards resolving the contradictions within his practice between what is desirable and actual practice. All professionals experience physical, hands on , doing parts of their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then the standard of their practice can stand still. In other words if you always do what you have always done you will always get what you have always got. Roth (1989) summarized the basic elements of a reflective process as follows, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Keeping an open mind about what, and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Awareness of what, why and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Questioning what, why and how we do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asking what, why and how other people do things. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generating choices, options and possibilities. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Comparing and contrasting results. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Seeking to understand underlying mechanisms and rationales. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Viewing our activities and results from various perspectives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Asking What if à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Seeking feedback and other peoples ideas and viewpoints. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Using prescriptive (advice) models only when carefully adapted to the individual situation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Analysing, synthesising and testing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Searching for, identifying and resolving problems and result limitation. As a guide to its essential nature, reflection can be viewed as ten Cs of reflection. Johns.C (2000b) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Commitment believing that self and practice matter; accepting responsibility for self; the openness, curiosity and willingness to challenge normative ways of responding to situations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Contradiction exposing and understanding the contradiction between what is desirable and actual practice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Conflict harnessing the energy of conflict within contradiction to become empowered to take appropriate action. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Challenge and Support confronting the practitioners normative attitudes, beliefs and actions in ways that do not threaten the practitioner. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Catharsis working through negative feelings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creation moving beyond self to see and understand new ways of viewing and responding to practice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Connection connecting new insight within the real world of practice; appreciating the temporality over reality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Caring realising desirable practice as everyday reality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Congruence reflection as a mirror for caring. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Constructing Personal Knowing in practice weaving personal knowing with relevant extant theory in constructing knowledge. Reflections can vary in their details and their complexity. Two main levels of reflective enquiry have been identified; either practitioners engage in deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, or they opt for superficial problem solving according to tradition or pressure of work. Burnard P. Chapman C.M. (1988) Reflection can be facilitated in a number of various ways. In the narrative, through reflective writing, this may be in the form of analysis of a significant incident from the writers area of practice, through poetry and journal or diary entries and in the context of a portfolio. In clinical supervision, this has been described as an exchange between practising professionals to enable the development of professional skills. B Procter (1989) pg. 23, it can be expressed through dialogue and it has a vital part to play in sustaining and developing professional practice. Reflection can also be expressed using creative strategies such as music, poetry, modelling, art and collage. There is a danger that personal reflection can focus on the negatives of a given incident, where it should involve balanced critical evaluation, focused on abilities and potential for growth. In order to provide a framework for methods, practices and processes for building knowledge from practice there are several models of reflection available. All can help to direct individual reflection. Some may be particularly useful for superficial problem solving, and other better when a deeper reflective process is required. Reflective models however are not meant to be used as a rigid set of questions to be answered but to give some structure and encourage making a record of the activity. The model I have chosen is Driscolls What? model. The reason being that though it has a format of three simple questions what? , so what?, now what? the added trigger questions give a deeper and meaningful reflective process by stimulating a more in depth enquiry leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future. It may be argued that reflective practice in my own area of clinical practice in the ambulance service has always been deployed whether through debriefing after a serious incident or the informal discussion in the cab of the vehicle. I and my crewmate, an ambulance technician, received an emergency call from ambulance control just after midnight to respond to a road traffic collision between a pedestrian and a car. The location was given as a semi-rural area some 6 miles distance from our Ambulance Station, and we were quickly on the scene. As we arrived on scene we first saw the car that had been involved in the incident and l made a quick mental note of the damage to the bonnet, windscreen and roof to assess the mechanism of injury to the pedestrian. The driver was still sitting in the drivers seat and although obviously distressed had no apparent injuries and was being comforted by a passer-by. This situation was left as it was; the primary concern was the pedestrian. The pedestrian, a male in his early forties, was lying on the road some distance from the damaged car. There were three passers-by with him; one of them stated that the casualty was unconscious but breathing. I carried out a patient assessment with a primary survey a rapid in-depth survey of airway, breathing, circulation, disability, taking 60- 90 seconds. (Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee. Pre-hospital Clinical Guidelines Manual.) I immobilised the patients cervical spine using a semi-rigid cervical collar and opened his airway using the jaw thrust technique. (Institute of Health and Care Development Ambulance Service Paramedic Training Manual). On assessing the airway I observed the patients mouth and upper airway for air movement. There was obstruction due to blood and I removed this by aspirating with suction equipment, and then inserted an oropharyngeal airway in the patients mouth. Moving onto breathing assessment I exposed the patients chest to observe chest wall movement and assess for chest trauma as a cause of breathing problems. Breathing was absent so l proceeded with resuscitation guidelines. Administering basic life support with cardiac pulmonary resuscitat ion I asked my crewmate to fetch the trolley and the spinal board and we positioned the patient on to the spinal board ensuring that cervical spine immobilisation was maintained by using head blocks and straps. Once secured safely to the spinal board, placed on the trolley and transferred to the ambulance, whilst continuing Basic Life Support. The patient was attached to the cardiac monitor which showed Asystole (no cardiac output) and advanced life support was commenced. Intubating the patient was difficult, and it took several attempts to achieve, but eventually the endotracheal tube was in position and connected to the oxygen driven mechanical ventilator to allow artificial ventilation of the patient. The next task was to gain intravenous access for the administration of drugs and fluids, and full advanced life support was commenced. Whilst on The Reflective Practitioner Course I chose to reflect on this incident by writing a piece of poetry entitled Final-Cup Final based on Gibb s model of reflection (see appendix 1). The feelings I had then was that I had done everything possible to save the patients life given the circumstances. But when using Driscolls model (see appendix 2) , with the added trigger questions, a deeper and more meaningful reflection process occurred making me question my actions and leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future. Final Cup Final I remember that warm summers night so clearly, the football cup final. Most people would have watched it just the same as you. Our shift started at seven, by the time we returned to base at midnight five emergencies already, I felt ready for a break. I must have nodded off, suddenly awoke with the ringing of the phone Emergency between A and B Pedestrian versus car.. Off we set all sorts of things racing through my mind. Soon arrived on scene and first saw the damage to the car Crumpled bonnet, broken windscreen, dented roof. The driver sat there shaking, terribly distraught. Passers-by were with you, not sure how to help. Myself and my crew-mate did all we could, used all the skills we knew, Intubation, cannulation, full drugs protocol Nothing we did could save you and my helpless feelings grew. And now as l pass by the scene several times each week I often stop to wonder is there more we could have done? On careful reflection theres nothing more we could. And now I have to realise nothing could have changed. Negative thoughts turn positive look to the future and learn from what has been. Using The What ? Model of structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000) the incident can be analysed in the following way. The purpose of returning to this situation is to review and reflect upon my experiences of this particular incident, and help make sense of what was a stressful, complicated and messy situation. I need to question if l made the correct decision as a paramedic to continue with resuscitation of this patient or if l should have certified fact of death at the scene. The casualty was in respiratory and cardiac arrest and so cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic, and advanced life support was commenced and the patient rushed to the nearest hospital with an accident and emergency department. My crewmate helped with clinical procedures on scene, i.e. cardiopulmonary resuscitation, assisting with intubation and cannulation and drawing up drugs. The casualtys friend and passers-by, although in an emotional state of shock helped as much as they could by fetching and carrying when asked to and I think this helper them in the situation they found themselves in by giving some purpose of being useful. At the time of the incident there was a reflection in action, where do we go from here? tuning in and going with the flow approach from both myself and my crewmate. There were two options available, either continue with resuscitation with full advanced life support or certify fact of death. The best approach at the time, and the one that l chose, even though his injuries were not compatible with life, was to continue with resuscitation. The main factor for this decision was by assessing the situation as a whole and considering the feelings of others. If resuscitation was not attempted the casualtys friend and bystanders would have thought that we were not giving him the best possible chance of survival, even though this chance was very remote. This had to be weighed up against the consequences of commencing resuscitation when it could be both futile and distressing for relatives, friends and health care personnel. Time and resources could be wasted in undertaking such measures. Through reflection on action I have recognised that no guidelines can cover every situation that may arise. They are intended to provide adequate guidance for the great majority of circumstances. Not everything is black and white, there will be grey areas, and it is the individuals responsibility to act as he thinks appropriate at that particular time. The implications for me and others when facing a similar situation again, are to recognise that there is sometimes a grey area when considering if to attempt resuscitation or not. This has to be assessed taking in to consideration the particular situation and using professional judgement based on best evidence and up to date knowledge, and at times thinking beyond the guidelines, whilst remaining professionally accountable to the Heath Professions Council. I can use this learning experience when working with and mentoring trainee ambulance staff and discussing my feelings with them and how they may react and feel in a similar situation. I can get more information and support to face a similar situation from my Clinical Support Manager, Ambulance Service Education department, Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee Clinical Practice Guidelines manual and the Institute of Health and Care Development manual. Conclusion Reflection can range from deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, to superficial problem solving. The care that patients receive has the direct potential to improve through reflective practice. Structured reflective practice also has the potential to develop staff and improve the implementation of professional standards. It has the following advantages to offer the health care professional; helps to make sense of complicated and difficult situations, a medium to learn from experiences and therefore improve performance and patient care, identify educational needs, identify workload stressors, highlight barriers to development and ways of identifying improvements, and provide evidence of continual professional development and lifelong learning. In addition staff could become increasingly more motivated and empowered.

Free College Essays - The Effects of Sin on Hester in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Effects of Sin on Hester Prynne Nathaniel Hawthorne believed his task was to analyze the effects of sin, whether thought or committed, on the human heart and mind. Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, deals with many themes, the most powerful being sin. In this novel, Hester Prynne becomes a highly respected person in a Puritan society by overcoming a constant reminder of her sin, a Scarlet letter A which she wears on her chest at all times. This object on "her bosom"; however, does the exact opposite of the initial purpose. Eventually, Hester reverses all the odds that are against here due to her courage, pride and effort. Hester went beyond the letter of the law and did everything asked of her in order to prove that she is "able." She comes from an impoverished but genteel English family, having lived in a "decayed house of gray stone, with a poverty stricken aspect, but retaining a half-obliterated sheild of arms over the portal, in token of antique gentility." But even without that specific indication of her high birth, the reader would know that Hester is a lady, from her bearing and pride. Especially in Chapter two, when she bravely faces the humiliation of the scaffold: "And never had Hester Prynne appeared more lady-like, in the antique interpretation of the term, than as she issued from the prison,"   Hester's daughter, Pearl, is "a blessing and is a reminder of her sin." As if the scarlet A were not enough punishment there "was a brat of that hellish breed" which would remind Hester of what had happened in the past. The "brat" could have been given away to Governor Bellingham yet Hester proclaimed that Pearl "is my happiness!...Ye shall not take her! I will die first!" Not a person in Boston, nor Hester herself thought highly of the little child and yet Hester still refused to let Pearl go. Hester carried the child around only because it was a direct reflection of her sin and to cast away her sin as freely as that to give it away would be unjust and unfair to Hester and Pearl. From now on Hester would continually and proudly be near Pearl. Hester would go against the grain in everything she did. Very rarely did she ever give up hope; never did she complete a job poorly.

Knowledge of Good in Platos The Republic Essay -- Philosophy Religio

An Intellectual Knowledge of Good in Plato’s Republic Socrates might be a wise philosopher but one of his ideas strikes me as particularly naive. In the allegory of the cave, he tells Glaucon that "in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort [Â ·] and that this is the power upon which he [the intellectual] would act rationally" (517b-c). In other words, he seems to be implying that knowledge of goodness is a sufficient condition for being good. A person who has seen what goodness is will henceforth act in a way that is good. Is this belief justified? For instance, we sometimes do things that we know are not good but we do them nonetheless and feel guilty after that. If, as such cases imply, knowledge of goodness is not a sufficient condition for being good, then Plato's dream of a utopia ruled by philosopher-kings could well be a nightmare. The philosophers who are supposed to have attained the "idea of good" (and are thus privileged to hold the citizens together "by persuasion and ne cessity" [519e]) might turn out to be dictators. What is this idea of good which Socrates is talking about? According to him, it is the "universal author of all things beautiful and right" and the "source of reason and truth in the intellectual" (517c). But it does not make any sense to me that a mere idea alone can produce great achievements with attributes like beauty, justice, reason and truth. Could it be that my interpretation of Socrates' "idea of good" as a mere idea is mistaken? Perhaps what Socrates means is more than just an intellectual idea of good. Perhaps what he means when he says that one sees the idea of good is that one experiences goodness itself directly. In that case, se... ... he really has no solid evidence to back him up. If there is no evidence to show that the capacity for goodness is innate in human beings and that people who have seen what goodness is will want to be good, then there is also no justification for the belief that attaining the idea of good is sufficient for being good. Basically, Plato's vision of utopia lies on the fundamental premise that the philosopher who has seen the light will "either in public or private life" fix his eye on this light (517c). In other words, he believes that the philosopher who has attained the idea of good will necessarily become good. But there is no justification for such a belief (at least not in the allegory) and hence, his idea is not obviously sound. Work Cited Plato. Republic. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. 8 Jan. 2001. .

oTHELLO :: essays research papers

Othello Essay In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†, the role of women is deeply emphasized; the significant characters of the play Othello, Iago, and Casio, each have a lady that stands behind him. These women each have commitment to remain faithful and respect their husband's needs, especially Desdemona and Emilia. Desdemona is the victim of this play; Shakespeare portrays her as the loyal wife even up to her death. Throughout the story, Desdemona appears to live for her husband. Desdemona's one goal in life is to please her husband. Emilia represents another aspect of female strength, less logical character, which relies on her sense of instinct. She understands her role as a wife (act 4, scene 3) Emilia is talking to Desdemona about husbands. " Yet we have some revenge. Let husbands know Their wives have sense like them. They see, and smell, and have their palates both for sweet and sour, As husbands have. What is it they do When they change us for others? Is it sport? I think it is. And doth affection breed it? I think it doth. Is't fraility that thus errs? It is so too. And have not we affections, Desires for sport, and frailty, as men have?"(page 217 line 104-113). Emilia and her husband Iago have different affiliation than Desdemona and Othello. Desdemona and Othello truly love each other, while Emilia, having no common sense of hatred towards Othello, has never actually loved Iago. She educate Desdemona, she is ignorant of Iago's evil nature and is also unsuspecting of his plot against Othello. Bianca appears to have a very insignificant role in the play, yet she as a major role in the death of Desdemona. Bianca’s relationship with Cassio, seems as though Bianca really wanted to have a relationship with him, (scene 3, act 4).

On the Sidewalk Bleeding Essay

In the short story â€Å"On the sidewalk bleeding,† by Evan Hunter, the author makes us feel sympathy for the main character by using a variety of techniques such as characterisation, plot structure and language. The story opens with the main character, Andy, who has just been stabbed because he is in a gang. . Unfortunately it is too late to change what had happened and as a result the reader feels immense pity for him when he dies. This short story includes the themes of regret and how gang violence causes loss of identity. Firstly the author makes the reader feel sympathetic towards Andy by using effective techniques to emphasise the agony and the painful phase that Andy is going through. The author says that Andy is in so much pain that no sound comes out of his mouth. The passage says, â€Å"There was no voice in his throat only the bubbling of blood between his lips.† In this quote, alliteration is used with the words â€Å"bubbling of blood.† The author uses this technique to highlight how much pain and terror gangs can create. This is also effective as it creates a gruesome image in the reader’s mind of Andy in his current situation. Therefore we feel sorry for Andy as he cannot even call for help. Another way the author makes us sympathise for Andy is how the author uses the idea of Andy being isolated from the rest of the world. Andy is lying in the alley far from help and he can hear music but nothing or no-one is able to help him. We see this when the writes says, â€Å"He watched the world passing,† and also the quote, â€Å"He could hear the faint noise of music now, from and long, long way off.† These two extracts from the passage illustrate that although Andy is dying the world is still moving and no one cares or even looks at Andy. Also it shows to us that Andy is isolated from society. At this point in the story Andy realises that being in a gang has detached him from the rest of the world and there is no going back. This relates to the theme of regret as Andy starts to regret the choices he made in life. The reader starts to feel even sorrier for Andy as he starts to repent what he has done but he can’t do anything to save himself now as it is to o late. Furthermore, throughout the story the author has created characters which pass by Andy but unfortunately for Andy they don’t help him for different reasons. When the third useless person comes into the alley, Andy is in hope that she will help him but sadly she doesn’t. The story says, â€Å"An old lady stopped at the other end of the alley like a queen.† In this quote the author uses a simile to show us how the old lady was acting and how she considered herself nothing less than a queen. This quote makes us sad as Andy has now had three attempts of surviving but all of them have slipped away just because he is in a gang. This also relates to the theme of how gangs cause loss of identity as if he wasn’t in a gang he would have had at least one chance of surviving out of the three. This again makes the reader sympathise towards Andy. Furthermore feel sorry for Andy by using personifying the jacket and the knife. Andy knows that he is dying and wants to be known as an individual and not a royal. The quote is, â€Å"Had they stabbed him, Andy or had they only stabbed the jacket and the title, and what good was the title if you were dying. † In this personification is used to emphasise that the guardians only stabbed Andy simply because he was a royal and show that the knife had no hatred towards Andy only the jacket and the title. The jacket symbolises the royals and the knife symbolises the guardians to indicate how much hatred is between the two gangs. Similarly this idea is further developed when Andy blames the jacket for him loosing his life. Andy begins to realise that if there was no jacket there wouldn’t have been a rumble in the first place. The short story says, â€Å"The jacket was a stupid meaningless thing, which was robbing him off his life.† The jacket and title has ruined his life and future. The word choice of â€Å"meaningless† shows that where once the title and the jacket was so important to Andy and how he was proud of it, but now the same jacket and title mean nothing to Andy but instead detests them. Also personification is used to make the knife and jacket seem like people. This suggests that objects are more important and this goes back to the theme of when you join a gang you lose your identity. The theme here shows that when you join a gang you are no longer an individual but you are a gang member instead. Finally Andy at the end of the story was ashamed of being called a royal and his new identity. Andy tries to tell the world that he not a royal but only Andy. The reader sees this when the writer says, â€Å"I’m Andy,’ he screamed wordlessly, ‘I’m Andy.’† Reputation of Andy’s name emphasises to us that he wants to be known as Andy and not a royal before he dies. Juxtaposition of â€Å"screamed wordlessly† is used to show that Andy is trying to scream but he only can in his mind as he is in too much pain to speak. By this point Andy is utterly helpless and can’t do anything. We feel pity towards Andy as he can’t even speak his feeling so there is no chance of him surviving. In conclusion the author has used many techniques of writer’s craft such personification and language to make the reader sympathise towards the main character Andy. Although not much action happens in the short story, the author still manages to make us feel sorry for Andy as Andy goes through his life and realises that he has done nothing major in his life expect make stupid mistake of joining a gang which leads him to losing his life.

How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman reflect society at the time? Essay

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller deals with one mans struggle in achieving success and how outside influences such as money, family and even society influence an individual. Willy Loman’s tragic character has a lot of depth to it, and to therefore understand such depth we must look in to the society that is around him and indeed the playwright Arthur Miller. Willy Loman is set apart from the rest of society as he relies upon a different set of values and motivations everyone else rests on. From the time, that Death of a Salesman was written there were many accounts on how America was going through a post war social and economic upheaval. It was not only Arthur Miller but also Tennessee Williams who began creating a series of protest plays whilst working with radical theatre companies. The history that had gone before them formed many of the major themes that defined their characters along with the explanation of the social pressure that is exerted on them. Dignity loss and self-assurance that Miller saw as one legacy of the social crash that without a doubt left a mark on Miller, which can be seen in his creation of the character Willy Loman. This included the sense that promises made by a society that seemed so secure were betrayed. The barrier that prevented the world from becoming chaotic became fragile with the betrayal of the promises that were made. Greed for success has eaten in to the minds of countless individuals especially those who fled to America in order to achieve â€Å"The American dream†. People in this civilisation are desperate to climb and do whatever it takes to achieve success no matter which they hurt in the process, this is particularly evident in the character of Willy Loman as his want of money consumes him up until the point he shamelessly commits suicide. It can be argued that Willy Loman does not choose this destructive dream because it is forced upon him by society. The ideas that epitomize the American Dream are that which Willy Loman constantly tries to achieve; wealth, fame and overall success. The play of Death of a Salesman on the surface appears to be about one man’s quest in becoming a well-liked salesman. On some levels, Willy feels as if he is obligated to fulfil this dream that society has inflicted, however looking at his character in depth it is Willy who feels trapped by this dream. The American dream is presented as â€Å"the† dream to have with no other been being acceptable. Willy’s true dream resurfaces at certain points within the play, the dream that has been forced in to his almost subconscious mind; living on his own in the country were he can raise his family and live off the land. This dream only resurfaces when the dream he is trying to achieve (The American Dream) does not go according to plan, for instance when Willy plants seeds in his garden. Willy’s true dream is the same dream that his son Biff wishes to achieve in the climax of the play. It is Willy that makes this dream seem impossible for Biff to achieve as he is forcing him in to the false dream of the well liked salesman. Willy’s death at the end of the play appears to be out of love for his family. He does this so that his family can have his life insurance thus completing the dream of being wealthy, he continues to have the hope that he will complete the false dream that he is living. Another prime reason for Willy Loman to carry out his own death is that he will free his sons of the burden to finish the unfulfilled dream, therefore setting them free to create his own dreams. This reflects society again as in the time that parents have continuously been pressured in to encouraging their child to succeed in life. Mike Lesage makes the very powerful statement it was society who stripped him of his dignity, piece by piece. It was society who stripped him of his lifestyle, and his own sons who stripped him of hope†. The way Willy treats his wife Linda is a direct reflection of the way in which women in society at the time would have been treated. In the United states women were not given equal rights until around the early 1970’s. At this point, they were given the simple pleasure of a credit card however; they had to possess their husband’s name on it. However, during the time Death of a Salesman was written women were still in the battle for fair treatment and equal rights. The way in which Miller displays this is by not including any strong female figures in the play. The repression of women in society at the time just caused them to be held back, something that a fast developing country such as America could not afford to do. Eliza Kazan once said, â€Å"Willy is one vast contradiction, and this contradiction is his downfall† This reflects Willy’s undecided attitudes on pride, success and his affair, which therefore portrays Willy Loman as a casualty of the capitalistic concept. It becomes evident from this play how society can be very judgemental on the people within it. The protagonist, Willy Loman is used by Miller to portray the prejudice a society has on a person. Willy Loman becomes alienated in many different ways, for instance being fired from his job and the feeling that he has been segregated from his own family. All of the actions that alienate him validate the discrimination of a biased world.

Intelligence Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essay

America and its allies face Ð ° world that has become more and more dangerous with its weapons of mass destruction and Ð ° shadowy world of terrorists more than willing to use them. The wisdom of the past does not have the prescience or universal insight to deal with this new threat. America and its allies must change direction if they wish to respond to the challenge in an effective manner, even if it means employing policies that seemed dubious in the past. The state is called to protect its citizens in Ð ° Machiavellian world, filled with depravity and compromise. The church is called to submit to the superior wisdom of those who have the special intelligence, experience and expertise to handle the current crisis. Our forefathers came from Europe to settle in Ð ° wilderness that was not always hospitable. Death was imminent, and survival was uppermost on all their minds. The settlement in Jamestown, after the death of Powhatan, suffered an unprovoked attack at the hands of the Native Americans in 1622, in which some 375 settlers were massacred. The immediate response was to make Ð ° perfidious treaty with the natives and then starve them by burning their crops late that summer. It was Ð ° matter of survival. It was either ‘us or them’. (Amit 2003 127) â€Å"The same policy was followed by the Puritans of Massachusetts when the Pequot Indians, Ð ° most war-like people, presented an imminent threat in the mind of these settlers. Rather than wait around to die, they proceeded to attack them first, killing in one horrific conflagration of Ð ° Pequot fort some 4oo men, women and children. The exact motives behind the massacre remain unclear, but no doubt survival was uppermost in their minds. Today the situation that confronts the American people is not so different. It is similar to that of their ancestors in many ways and direr in regard to the number of lives at stake. one can debate whether the times have ‘waxed worse and worse’, but it is beyond question that the times have proved ‘more and more critical’ with their weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the ever-increasing number of potential users. The nation of Israel felt this threat in 1981 when it conducted Ð ° pre-emptive strike against an Iraqi nuclear reactor. The United States roundly condemned the action at the time, but with the threat now facing them from this and other rogue nations Ð ° new policy has emerged. The nefarious intentions of the Iraqi regime are apparent to most observers. It appears as if this regime plans to continue the production of WMD and deliver these weapons themselves or distribute them through the shadowy world of terrorist networks to designated targets in this clandestine manner. The signs of the times are all around us. Iraq already has violated over fifty UN resolutions to date. The UN inspectors revealed that Saddam was vigorously working on Ð ° stockpile of WMD—chemical, biological and nuclear, and by the mid-9os he began to deny them access to his supply. He already has used these weapons against his own people and waves of foot soldiers in his war with Iran. He has pledged on Ð ° number of occasions to bring destruction upon the United States, and even planned the assassination of its former president, George Bush. He has subsidized and continues to support terrorist groups throughout the region, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad according to seized Palestinian documents. His relation to terrorism is Ð ° matter of grave concern. â€Å"(Rahul 2002 37-44) It provides Ð ° special channel to deliver and promote his wicked designs, Bin Laden has called it Ð ° ‘religious duty’ for his minions to obtain and use WMD against the infidels, but he knows that his terrorist network needs help. It is only in the movies that Dr No is able to create the facilities to manufacture and deliver WMD. In the real world of terrorism, the capacity to make and utilize these weapons requires the help of Ð ° government. Aum Shinrikyo, Ð ° Japanese cult, tried to kill thousands of commuters with Ð ° potent nerve agent but managed to kill only Ð ° dozen after spending somewhere around thirty million dollars. The loss of these lives was tragic but much less than expected and displayed the complexity of operations using these agents. The cult was not able to produce the chemical (sarin) in sufficient purity and resorted to using Ð ° most primitive delivery system—carrying it on Ð ° train and piercing bags of it with tips of umbrellas. Ð  government working with Ð ° terrorist organization would produce Ð ° more lethal combination. 3 In light of this threat, it appears as if the only long-term solution is to eliminate the regime in Baghdad. Some would argue that there is no need to rush into war. But one wonders how realistic this option is in view of the track record of the regime. Is it realistic to believe that Iraq would comply with inspectors? It did not the first time around, not in toto, would the UN impose the necessary sanctions and penalties if it did not? Or would it ignore certain closed doors and cave in as it did before to Iraqi demands? And even if unmolested, would the inspectors catch the regime in its lies, knowing that it is likely to play Ð ° shell game and was given four years to hide its weapons? (Bruce 2003 44) Donne’s fatalistic maxim succinctly defines the essential context that modern intelligence services function within, and the variables determining their relative fortunes. Their experiences suggest that they are very human institutions largely shaped by the vagaries of circumstances beyond their control, not to mention misfortune and luck. As refined information used by the state to further national goals and policies, intelligence is directed, collected, analyzed and disseminated (the ‘intelligence cycle’) within the milieu of international politics. Intelligence work must therefore function within the ‘anarchical society’ of Great Powers. 1 Equally significant is the extent to which intelligence functionaries serve at the mercy of their policy masters. The intelligence officers themselves, in their various professional incarnations, are the ‘desperate men’ in this formulation, striving as they do to carry out their risky and/or problematic duties in the face of inertia and outright opposition on the part of rivals, enemies, and occasionally their own countrymen. It is unlikely that any intelligence service in history has ever completely escaped subjugation to such restrictive bondage. â€Å"As mentioned in the previous chapter, the war on al Qaeda should be Ð ° deliberate broad-front attack. It is already that in practice, but the rationale for sustaining this approach is less established and troubles are certain because such Ð ° strategy requires relating the efforts of multiple agencies, subagencies, and even nations, and it sometimes necessitates rapid action. This would seem to require two enhancements of capability which may at first seem contradictory, but they are complementary and equally important. â€Å"(Paul 2002 31) These facts hold particularly true for the office of Strategic Services mission in London, America’s critical liaison and operational intelligence outpost during the Second World War. Expanding to Ð ° peak of 2,800 personnel in 1944, OSS/London was originally established in October 1941 with the arrival of Ð ° single representative, followed by Ð ° staff nucleus the day after America’s entry into the war. Eventually consisting of contingents from the four major OSS branches-Research and Analysis, Secret Intelligence, Special operations, and X-2 (counter-intelligence)-the mission served as Ð ° focal point for Anglo-American intelligence relations in the decisive theatre in the war against Germany. The London mission was at the heart of OSS relations with British intelligence, and as such it personified the essence of that connection in the Allied war effort. The Allied invasion of Europe ensured that OSS/London, more than any other OSS outpost, would have the greatest opportunity to perform Ð ° decisive role in the intelligence war. Other OSS missions would also make important contributions, notably in Cairo, Algiers and Italy; but these were ultimately secondary theatres, while in the Pacific and Asia, OSS never acquired the sound relationship with the military necessary for intelligence operations. London was at the heart of the Allied war effort, and at the heart of the Anglo-American alliance itself. While intelligence exchanges with the Soviet Union have been documented by Bradley F. Smith, London was the ‘big league’ in Allied intelligence during the war. Many significant matters were accordingly played-out there, offering detailed examples of intelligence services in action. The experiences of OSS in London therefore illuminate the process by which America was introduced to the various components of intelligence and clandestine work, and how well American intelligence performed in its own right. As the presumed precursor to the post-war US Central Intelligence Agency, OSS further invites study in order to understand the antecedents of America’s Cold War intelligence service. The significant Anglo-American context of the evolution of modern American intelligence moreover suggests that the Anglo-American ‘Special Relationship’ had an intelligence component that was manifested most strongly and clearly in OSS/London. (Bruce 2oo3 75) The mission thus provides Ð ° case study of how US intelligence matured and became institutionalized within the context of the larger Anglo-American political-military alliance. This analysis accordingly examines an aspect of that alliance and of intelligence history in particular, that has not yet been explored in any comprehensive detail. It is part of Ð ° current historiographical review of the significance of intelligence services in military and international affairs. It specifically examines OSS/London within the context of Anglo-American relations, as well as the evolution of both modern American, and Allied, intelligence during the Second World War. The general research approach blends what has been termed the American and British ‘schools’ of intelligence scholarship. The more historical nature of British intelligence studies has been noted by Kenneth G. Robertson, while Roy Godson’s ‘Intelligence: an American View’, in Robertson’s British and American Approaches to Intelligence, distinguishes between this historical methodology and the more conceptual or theoretical nature of American studies (for example, Sherman Kent’s Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy). British diplomatic historian D. C. Watt has therefore identified these approaches as two distinct schools of intelligence study, though Ð ° recent noteworthy British contribution to the theoretical school is Michael Herman’s Intelligence Power in Peace and War, which surveys the interrelationship between post-war structures, tasks, and effectiveness. This study for its part demonstrates the influences of both schools by linking theoretical concepts to the role of intelligence ties within the larger wartime Anglo-American alliance. (Neville 2004 45) The second general purpose involves judging the relevance and professionalization of the OSS intelligence effort within the Anglo-American alliance, much of the existing literature on OSS has been preoccupied with the question of whether OSS had an impact on the war, of whether it accomplished anything of consequence. This very concern dominated the first ever OSS conference held at the US National Archives in July 1991. (Paul 2001 38-77) There has moreover been Ð ° number of recent works beginning to examine the documentation on the OSS operational record in various geographic areas, such as Romania and China. 7 Richard Aldrich has gone Ð ° considerable way toward surveying OSS links and rivalries with British intelligence in the Far East. 8 Particularly noteworthy in terms of this present study is Jay Jakub’s recent Spies and Saboteurs, Ð ° survey of Anglo-American ‘collaboration and rivalry’ in espionage and special operations in North Africa, Yugoslavia, Asia, and France. Jakub focuses on identifying varying degrees of mutual dependence and independence in these specific operational realms, and is Ð ° more substantially documented approach to the operational evolution of OSS, including within OSS/London. Having said that, no existing work on OSS has really addressed the experience of any OSS mission in terms of the trend identified by Andrew and Dilks, or provided Ð ° comprehensive analysis of all the major OSS branches in their activities. The question of overall OSS significance to the war effort also remains largely unresolved historiographically. This present study therefore strives to detail OSS/London’s evolution and activities comprehensively, and to establish their larger significance to the institutionalization of American intelligence after the war. The third major research goal flows naturally from the second: to illuminate this alliance intelligence relationship within the larger framework of Anglo-American ‘competitive cooperation’. This phrase was coined by David Reynolds to describe how Britain and America acted in concert as circumstances required, while still maneuvering for advantage and preeminence as powers. Linking this phenomenon with the ambiguity, ambivalence, misuse and circumstance inherent in intelligence operations as suggested by intelligence theory invites an analysis of the intelligence relations between two major wartime powers, or more bluntly, to place this intelligence study within the context of Great Power politics. (Anthony 2002 122-56)

Function of Public Relation

Functions of Public Relation It has been reported that Public Relations or PR is the art of managing communication between an organization and its key publics to build, manage and sustain a positive image (â€Å"†, 2006), and is an important function in the desire of any business organization or company to establish its reputation and brand image to its target market. For this reason, it is essential to determine the several functions of public relations, categorized as organizational and societal. This paper seeks to discuss the organizational and societal functions of public relation. In addition, it also seeks to explain the differences and similarities that exist between the two functions. Organizational Functions of Public Relations Organizational functions of public relations are activities that interact with or affect organizations, and these include functions, such as communications management, media, government affairs, publicity, investor relations, community relations, consumer relations, and employee relations (â€Å"†, 2006). These functions involve processes or actions that unite the different teams or functions within the business organization or company. The company can use them these functions to distribute or dissipate useful information to the employees of the company, to stakeholders and to other organizations involved in the company. The organizational functions can be used for fostering an effective and efficient workforce, to increase the productivity of the company, and to establish its reputation in the market. One of its important functions is employee relations or human resource management. Human Resource Management is concerned with all the activities that contribute to successfully attracting, developing, motivating, planning systematic approaches, and maintaining a high-performing workforce that result in organizational success (, 2002). In addition, it gives an increasing emphasis on the personal needs of the organization and its members, where the challenge is to create an organizational environment in which each employee can grow and develop to his or her fullest extent, and it aims at developing strategies for the total organization focused on clarifying an organization’s current and potential problems and developing solutions for them (, 2002). Another important function is managing customer relations or customer service. This strategy is used by business organizations or companies to learn more about the needs and behaviors of customers to develop stronger relationships with them. Managing customer relations is essential for companies for they need to value its customers based on the total value of their relationship with the company, the potential value of their relationship, the profitability of their relationship, the insights they can provide the company, and the influence that they exercise over other customers (, 2000). With proper management of customer relations, the company and its customers will be able to create a good relationship and benefit from one another. Both the employee and customer relations are functions of the organizational function of public relations because both functions are processes that involve distributing useful information. Employee relations are responsible in dissipating useful information within the company, while customer relations is responsible for giving out information regarding the company and the company’s products and services. In addition, both functions are essential in the company’s aim to sustain and maintain their operation, and with these processes, the whole organization will be able to continue to produce products or render services, both internally and externally. Societal Functions of Public Relations In contrast to the organizational function of public relations, societal functions of public relations have to do with actions that connect to the public, and these functions include marketing communications, consumer relations, public affairs, and issues management plus social responsibility (â€Å"†, 2006). These are mainly external functions, for these involve the processes that would enable the company or the business organization to relate to the public properly. Without the external or societal functions of public relations, companies will not be able to have the chance to communicate with their consumers or clients. Effective communication includes giving out information regarding the company’s products or rendered services and receiving feedbacks from the consumers. One of the important functions of public relations’ societal functions is marketing communications. It has been reported that marketing communication consists of the messages and related media used to communicate with a market (â€Å"†, 2006), and this includes disciplines such as advertising, sales promotion, marketing public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, sponsorship, and Internet communications (â€Å"†, 2006). The use of marketing communications is important because through its use, companies or business organizations will be able to effectively and efficiently distribute information to their customers, and with the use of the various promotional disciplines mentioned, companies will be able to generate ideas, use their creativity and encourage effective communication and relationship with their customers. Another important function of the societal functions of public relations is social responsibility, for this element encompasses its entire function. At present, companies relate effectively with their consumers using many forms of media. With this, they have the social responsibility of distributing and informing their customers of useful and relevant information regarding their products and services. Moreover, companies have the social responsibility of setting a good example to other companies, through being true to their words and to their actions, by using available forms and means of media and communication. With the use of effective public relations and dissipation of proper information, companies will be able to communicate effectively with their consumers, in line with their desire to establish their reputation in the market and in the industry. Both marketing communications and social responsibility are functions of public relations’ societal functions because both elements are external means of distributing information and data to the consumers of the company. Both are also responsible with the main aim of public relations, which is to build and manage information and the reputation of the company to the public. Differences and Similarities Both the organizational and societal functions of public relations are involved in conveying messages and encouraging communication of a business organization, internally and externally. Both functions serve as good means of developing communications and gathering data, and both use different forms of media for better creativity and convenience. The scope of organizational functions of public relations involves actions concerning the company, while societal functions are interested in activities regarding the society (â€Å"†, 2006). The organizational functions of public relations are involved in internal development of communication, while societal functions are involved in dissipating useful information towards consumers. From the functions discussed above, it can be deduced that it is crucial for any business organization or company to use both the organizational and societal functions of public relations. With its use, companies will be able to encourage effective communication and distribute information to their employees and to their consumers. Using these functions, companies will be able to efficiently establish its reputation to the market and to the industry, and also establish its brand image and brand identity to its consumers. Professionally speaking, public relations means the activities that management undertakes to evaluate and measure the attitudes, opinions, and sentiments of the public toward your organization. A public relations plan will be an integral part of who determines policies, processes, and procedures with regard to public interest that your organization will follow and implement. In conventional marketing public relations is employed to influence customers and their buying habits. Public relations is also part of a comprehensive marketing communications amalgam which also includes advertising, sales promotion, and direct sales. The effective use and practice of public relations theory which results in the organization being viewed in the general publics’ eyes as a responsible and ethical company that is concerned about the welfare of its customers will soon manifest itself in the organization’s bottom line. What Are The Functions of Public Relations? Community Relations. Any organization must be seen as a good community citizen and should have the goodwill of the community in which it operates. An effective community relations program will need to be continuing and comprehensive. Organizations can implement various programs to improve community relations on a regular or even ongoing basis. So, clearly, one of the major functions of public relations is to bridge the business/community gap. When organizations support activities and programs that improve quality of life in their communities their image and reputation will be enhanced. Employee Relations. Maybe the most important resource that a company has are its employees and the customer service they provide. The functions of public relations in regards to the company’s employees is the maintenance of employee goodwill. The image and reputation of a company among its employees is also another responsibility of public relations in its function of employee relations. Product Public Relations. When new products are introduced to the market the role that public relations plays is crucial for creating awareness and differentiating the product in the public’s eyes from other similar products. When existing products need a push public relations is often called on the improve product visibility. Sometimes there are changes instituted in existing products and public relations has to focus the attention of consumers on the product. If a product needs to be positioned in the market a properly executed public relations campaign, much like an effective viral marketing campaign, it can overcome buyer inertia and remove negative perceptions on the part of the public. Financial Relations. This function involves communication with the wide variety of individuals and groups that the company deals with in the course of its operations. This includes the stockholders and investors but is not limited to them. Financial analysts and potential investors have to be informed about the company’s finances. A well planned and executed financial relations campaign can increase the value of the company’s stock because of improved image and reputation. This improved image can also make it easier to gather additional capital. And if you are seeking free money for your small business, your pr will put you in a better position to be seen in a good light, by the people that write the checks. Political and Government Relations. The wide range of activities that public relations has to cover in the political arena includes influencing legislation that can be hindrances to the proper operation of the company. Public relations in politics may have to stage debates and seminars for government officials. So one of the functions of public relations can actually be to not only change the way your community works, but your state, and even your nation. Crisis Communications. When anything untoward happens like an accident in a production plant it is the job of public relations to provide honest and accurate information so that the uncertainty by the people involved directly or indirectly can be assuaged. Natural disasters, management wrongdoings, bankruptcies and product failures are crises which public relations must play a large part. We all want justice, and the truth to come out. That is why it is nice to know that one of the functions of public relations – crisi communication – makes this happen. 1. ) OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC RELATION 1)To promote mutual understanding. 2)To persuade individuals, groups etc. 3)Help in fund raising. 4)Change the behavior and attitude of the public. 5) Influence people. 6)To win friends. 7) Avoid risk involved in misunderstanding. 8) Prepare and supply the public with information about the organization like price, quality, export, employment and other special features. 10) Provide infor mation about the activities of the company, to the press and writers. 11) Liaise, counsel and advise. 12) Improve internal staff relations. 3) Help the public to love life and work for better or for worse without conditions. 14) Undertake a public relation education programme. 15) Forestall attack by the competitors or opponents. 16) Create and maintain image and reputation of the company. 17) Promote goodwill. 18) Correct misconceptions and clarify on criticisms of its policies and practices. 19) Establish relations with the federal and state legislators, agencies. 20) Undertake a campaign of public education about an industry or profession and its contribution to the public. 1) Communicate with the employees on their benefits, accident prevention, labor relations and collective bargaining. 22) Establish press relations, publicity articles preparation, press release, photographs. 23) Undertake programmes like sales training courses for retailers, whole sellers. 23) Undertake progra mmes like sales training courses for retailers, wholesalers. 24) Sponsor dealer and distributor relations schemes. 25) Ascertain public opinion, conduct opinion research and understand public attitudes on the organization, profession and practice.

Grocery gateway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grocery gateway - Essay Example In addition, there is the value of chain, a description of the supply chain, competitors, and competition strategy. Lastly, there are various Information Communication Technology tools and components used by the business. Grocery Gateway This is a business located in Canada and consists of a group of entrepreneurs. The main reason for the business was that because people recover things, it is worth establishing a business and combine ideas to accomplish various goals. Longo Brothers Fruit Market Inc is a family, which dominates the actions in Grocery Gateway. They are the employees of the business whose primary aim at maximizing profits and distributing it to all family members. It looks forward to increase the number of registered customers. It offers online services to improve the entire process. The main business involves rental trucks that were few at the start of the business. Grocery Gateway offers transportation services to its consumers (Tallevi, 2013). Description of the sup ply chain in Grocery Gateway Selling of products from the business to the consumers requires a better chain of supply. This is vital to maintain the profits and ensure that the sales do not decrease. Tallevi (2013) indicates that Grocery Gateway sells its products through online engines. There is an established Web site online, which is responsible for ensuring that the necessary information is available to all willing buyers. This is also necessary for growing businesses within a society. Competitors to Grocery Gateway For the running of any business, there must be competition from other businesses offering similar products and services. Competition helps business entrepreneurs to scrutinize the services and products in such a manner that they will of a higher quality as compared to those of the competitors. The competitors to Grocery Gateway business are principally the supermarkets. Most of the supermarkets offer products same as those sold by Gateway Grocery. This creates an env ironment where all entrepreneurs have to meet their set targets. This then calls for strategies that when used, Grocery Gateway will not operate under a negative effect of the competition (Tallevi, 2013). Strategies used by Grocery Gateway to compete Desire for an improvement in the business operations is significant in that it determines the effectiveness of the business. For instance, Grocery Gateway aims at integrating and coordinating several services with intent to have unified web site tasks. Longo Brothers being aware of what the business requires to fit in the business world turns to various systems to increase efficiency in route selection (Tallevi, 2013). Gateway strives though to an increased number of customers, who are the determinants of the sales made per day. There is online registration, which is the best and quicker way of registering buyers. Another way of hindering a negative result of competition as depicted by Gateway is through the opening hours. This is impor tant especially for late night operation. Longo Brothers through online communication stated that the grocery operates under a twenty-four hour basis. This is significant in ensuring there is unlimited number of customers. Importance of the competition strategies Strategies applied by entrepreneurs are the determinants of the survival of the business within the market. For instance, improved customer relations leads to an increase in the number of potential buyers, which is a major source of